Tun Dinhmunah Mizote Tan INCHIMRALNA Hi A Hlauhawm Em?

- C.Vanlalramsanga

I.  THUHMA

1.1 Mizote zingah inchimralna chungchang hi hun rei tak atang khan vawitam ngaihtuahho a lo ni tawh thin a. Inhnialna pawh vawi tam a lo chawk chhuak tawh thin a ni. Kan thupui ngaihtuahho tur chungchangah pawh hian ngaihdan hrang hrang a awm thei ngei ang. 'Assimilation' chungchang hi hlawm lian pui pui a thenin kawng hnih in a thlir thei awm e. Pakhatna, Mizote hnam/ram lian zawk zinga kan inchiahpilna. Pahnihna, Mizote hnam dangin min chimralna. Heng thlirna kawng hnih atang hian zau takin kan thupui hi a zir theih ang, tun tumah chuan 'chimral' lam hi kan thupuiin a tum angin kan thlurbing dawn a ni.

1.2 Mithiam thenkhatte zirna atanga a lan dan chuan hnam hrang hrang leh tawng hrang hrang hmang in awm pawlh nuaih lova hlawm tak leh tawng khat hmang awmho emaw thawhho emaw chu kawng hrang hrang atanga thlirin a hlawk zawkin a awlsam zawk a, hnathawh pawh a hlawk (productivity) duh nge nge niin an hmu (Reitz and Sklar, 1997; Lazear, 1995; Borjas, 1992; Tamura, 1996; Shleifer and Vishny, 1992). Thlirna tlangdang atang erawh chuan inhungbingna leh hnam hlawm a chenna chuan hmasawnna tur chin titawiin, hnam a chian man (ethnic attachment cost) pawh tam tak niin an hre thung (Wiley, 1967; Postes and Bach, 1985; Jiobu, 1988). Amaherawhchu khawvel a ram hausa leh ropui tak tak (America, Canada, Australia etc.) te hi hnam hrang hrang awmkhawma ram a nitho mai bawk si! Assimilation thuah ngaihdan tlang tak leh dik ber a awm thei tak tak lo ti ila a sual kher awm lo e? Kan thupui zirho tur chungchangah pawh hian chhanna dik ber emaw tha ber emaw kan hrelo a, chhanna pek kan tum bawk hek lo. Zau taka ngaihtuahna kan sen zui theihnan zawhna tam tak kan siam chauh zawk dawn a ni. Vawiin a kan hun hman hi kan thupui zau zawka zir zuina kawnga mithiam zawkte chochhuahna hmanrua a nih theih chu kan duhthusam a ni.

1.3 Assimilation tih hi hrilhfiah buang bar lovin he thuziakah hian Mizotawng ang maiin kan hmang chhunzawm ang a, inchiahpilna tih leh chimralna tih pawh kan sawitum a zirin assimilation chungchang sawinan kan hmang zui zel bawk ang. Kan thupui khi 'Mizote tan' tih anih avangin entirna emaw tehkhin thu atan emaw a ram dang / hnam dang chanchin kan sawi bak chu Mizote chungthu kan sawina a ni zel ang.

II. ASSIMILATION THLEN THEIH DAN KAWNG HRANG HRANGTE LEH MIZOTE DINHMUN THLIRNA

2.1 Thupui kan luhchilh hmain assimilation thlen theih dan kawng hrang hrang hlawm lian zual deuh deuh tawi te te in kan thlir hmasa ang a. Hman deuh khan India ram hruaitu zingah Mizo leh hnam tenau dang hel ching tak si te chu India ram hmun hrang hranga sem darh a 'chiahpil' mai rawt deuh an awm niin sawi a awm a! Khatiang ngaihdan buluk tak kha chu awm tawhlo tura ngaiin 'by force' a assimilation thlen theih dan lam chu kan sawi tel lovang:

a) Cultural assimilation - hnam tenau zawk ten hnam lian leh hlun zawkte tihdan leh nunphung zawma an mahni hnam zia leh tihdanphung thlauhthla a an inchiahpilna emaw hnam lian zawk ten an tihdan leh nunphung zawm tura hnam tenau zawkte an chimralna.

b) Linguistics assimilation - hnam tenau zawk ten mahni pianpui tawng thlauhthla a hnam lian zawk te tawng an hman zui na avanga an pianpui tawng an chiahpilna emaw hnam lian zawkte tawng hmang tura hnam tenau tawng an chimralna.

c) Economic assimilation - sum leh pai dehchhuahna (productive activity), sumdawnna (trade and commerce) leh ei leh bar zawnna (jobs and employment) kawnga hausa zawk, thiam zawk leh fing zawk ten hnam/ram tenau zawkte an hnehchhuh (competed out) avanga sum leh pai deuhchhuah thu a inchimralna emaw ram pawna ei leh bar zawnna leh sumdawnna kawnga ram neitute tluk/khum thei a inchiahpilna.

d) Immigration assimilation - ram/hnam tenau zawk-ah hnam lian zawk te nasa taka an pem/insawn luh avanga a ram neitu zawk an chimralna emaw mahni ram nilo ram pawn a cheng leh khawsa a inchiahpilna.

e) Ethnic assimilation - hnam tenau zawkte hnam lian zawkin an chenchilh avanga hnam nihphung hlauh a hnam lianzawk te tihdan leh nunhphung an zawm ve tak mai avanga inchimralna emaw hnam tenau zawkte hnam lian zawk zinga an inchiahpilna.

2.2 Heng kawng hrang hrang-ah khian tundinhmunah Mizote te tan inchimralna a hlauhawm em? tih zawhna hi vawiin a kan thupuiin min zawh ber chu a ni a. A mal malin inchimralna thlen theih dan te khi thlir ila, awlsam taka chhan theih leh chhan awlai lo tak tak a awm thei ngei awm e. A bikin 'culture' leh 'language' thuah chuan hnam tenau zawkte hian khawvel ram hrang hrangah inchiahpil leh chimral kan tawk nasa hle. Hei vang hian mithiam thenkhat chuan mahni hnam nunphung leh tihdan hlauh chuang si lova hnamdang nunphung leh tihdan pawh zawm ve thlap mai theih (cultural pluralism) an chawi lar hle. Mizote pawhin nunphung leh tawng thuah nasa taka inchiahpilin, chimral pawh kan tawk mek a, kan la tawk zel dawn ni pawhin a lang. A thatna leh thatlohna sawi tham fe a awm ve ve ngei ang. Hlauh pawh kan hlau senglo ni berin a lang!

2.3 Economic assimilation chungchang hi inhnialna titamtu leh Mizoten tun dinhmuna kan sawi tam ber pawh a ni a tihtheih ang? Mizo mipuite titi phungah leh vantlang zing a ram hruaitute thusawi-ah 'chawmhlawm ram' 'kutdawh sawrkar' 'vai thawh chhuah sa ringa khawsa' 'Silchar kawng pin a piang a tam zel mai' tih te kan invuah ta fo mai! Chiang taka hemi in a tarlan tak chu Mizo mipui tam zawk leh ram hruaitute ngei ngei pawhin ‘economic assimilation' kan tawng mek tih phat rual lohvin kan pawm thlap tihna a ni thei mai awm e. Hemi chungchang hi chiang zawkin huang dangah kan chhui zui dawn a ni.

2.4  ’Immigration assimilation' leh ‘ethnic assimilation' hi engemaw chenah a thlen dan a inang thei viau awm e. Mizoram bikah han thlir ila. Mizoram population projection atang chuan kum 2009 hian Mizoramah mi 959050 vel awm tawh ang kan ni a (2001 census ang chuan March 1, 2001 khan Mizoram a cheng mi 888573 kan ni). Heng zingah hian YMA census/survey atanga a lan dan chuan mi 6912 (Chakma chhiar tel lohvin) Mizoram chungah hnamdang mi an cheng mek a, chu chu Mizoram population zawng zawng zingah 1% (0.72%) pawh a ni pha rihlo a ni. 2001 Census atanga a lan dan chuan Mizoram a chakma te hi Mizoram mipui zawng zawng atangin za zel-ah 7.7 anni a. Anni chhiartel pawhin Mizo zing a chhiar nilo Mizoram a hnam dang awm zat chu za zelah 8.4 vel chauh an ni tihna a ni awm e. Kan la hlawm tha in tangrual tham pawh kan la awm niin a lang. Tun dinhmunah chuan ‘immigration assimilation' leh ‘ethnic assimilation' chu Mizote tan Mizoramah chuan a la hlauhawm hrilh loh a tih theih ang. Amaherawhchu, engtik hun mah a chimral kan nih loh nan inven lam erawh kan hlamchhiah hlek tur a nilo thung ang. Hetiang lam kawng a hmalak theihdan pawh kan zir chian deuh deuh a hun hle ang. A hlauhawm loh lai tak mai hi invent a tul hun lai tak leh tihtheih kan neih hun lai anih avangin invenna lam hi kan ngaihven a tul hle reng a ni. Invenna kawng lam hi huang dangah zau deuh takin kan thlirho leh ang.

III. ECONOMIC ASSIMILATION LEH MIZORAM DINHMUN?

3.1 ‘Economic Assimilation' chungchang hi a thlirtu a zirin hrilfiah dan a dang thei viau awm e. He thuziak hmasa lamah khan ‘sum leh pai dehchhuahna (productive activity), sumdawnna (trade and commerce) leh ei leh bar zawnna (jobs and employment) kawnga hausa zawk, thiam zawk leh fing zawk ten hnam/ram tenau zawkte an hnehchhuh (compete-out) avanga sum leh pai deuhchhuah thu a inchimralna emaw ram pawna ei leh bar zawnna leh sumdawnna kawnga ram neitute tluk/khum thei a inchiahpilna' tiin kan hrilhfiah a. A thlirtu a zirin chiahpila emaw chimralna emaw a ni thei ve ve a nih chu.

3.2  ’Labour Economists' te chuan ram dang atanga eizawnna leh hnathawhna avanga lo pem lut (immigrant) te a ram neitute nen thiam in ang, hnathawh pawh thuhmun te hlawh zat inthlauhna leh ram pawn miten a ram neitute hlawh zat emaw a aia tam emaw an lo hlawhchhuah theih dan leh theih tirtu kawng hrang hrang an zir thin a. Heng mite thlirna atang chuan ram dang atang lokal leh tualchhungmite thiam / thawh inang te hlawh in ang khata a awm theih chuan ‘Economic Assimilation' a thleng tihna a ni. Heti lam hawi hi chu kan chhui zui vaklo anga, he kan thuziakin a hrilhfiah angin ‘economic assimilation' chungchang kan chhui zui tur pawh  para 3.1 ang khian ‘inchiahpil' leh ‘inchimral' kawngah  Mizote dinhmun kan thlir dawn a ni.

3.3  Mizote zingah ram pawna eizawng leh hnathawk thahnem tak kan awm ve ta a, kan pung zel bawk niin a hmuh theih. Mizoram pawn India ram chhungah hian hnathawhna azirin khawtual mite nen hlawh a in thlau thei ngei ang. Formal sector-ah chuan India ram chhungah khawi hmunah pawh hlawh thuhmun kan nei hlawm niin a lang a. Informal sector-ah erawh chuan a inthlau thei viau awm e. A bik takin unskilled leh semi-skilled category-ah phei chuan Mizo mai nilovin India hmarchhak lam atanga India ram laili lam a eizawng leh hnathawk a awm te hian hlawh thu-ah khawtual mi an pha meuhlo niawmin a hmuh theih a ni? Chutih lai reng chuan Mizoram chhungah thiam/thawh in ang reng siah khawtual mi aiin ram pawn atanga lokal ten hlawh an hmu tha zawk fo mai em? a tih theih thung. Engpawhnise Mizoram chhungah Mizote tan eizawnna leh hnathawh tur a indaih miau loh avangin ram pawn a thawh leh eizawn mai a ngaihna chin a awmlo theilo a ni.  Mizoram pawn India ram chhung leh foreign thleng pawhin eizawnna leh hnathawhna avanga pem chhuak kan pung deuh deuh niin a lang. Tunlaiah chuan thalaite ram pawn a eizawn leh hnathawh tum turin ram hruaitu, zirtirtu, leh nu leh pa ten infuihna thupui berah kan neih chho ta hial mai. Mithiam leh chhawrnahawm tak tak tur ram pawnah an chhuak zut zut reng ta mai a, tun dinhmunah hian hlauh theih pawh a nih loh na lai a awm thei awm e?

3.4  Inchimralna lam hawi zawng atang thlirna hi kan thupuiin a tum ber zawk chu a ni a. Mizoram sawrkar annual financial statement hnuhnung ber thlir chuan kum 2009-2010 chhung a Budget Estimates a Total Receipts (Rs 328817.32 lakhs) atanga Mizoram sawrkar thawhchhuah (State Own Revenue) chu 9% (Rs 29743.28 lakhs) vel chauh a ni. ‘Chawmhlawm sawkar' han tih mai theih chu kan ni mai thei e? Ram pum huap in kan thlir leh ila. Mizoram Finance Minister Budget Speech 2009-2010 a alan dan chuan Mizoram Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) 2009-2010 estimates chu Rs 422673 lakhs (current price) a ni a. A chiah chiah anga sawi chi nilo mahse Mizoram GSDP (ram chhung a sum leh pai kum khat chhunga thawhchhuah zawng zawng) atang a sawrkar sum leh pai huam zat chu zaah 78 vel zet a ni a tih theih awm e. Hei bakah hian sawrkar leiba tlingkhawm chu March 2008-ah pawh khan GSDP atanga chhutin 79 % (Rs 306246 lakhs) vel zet a ni bawk. Hetiang zawnga ngaihtuah chuan Mizoramah sawrkar hi kan sum hnar ber anih avangin ‘chawmhlawm sawrkar' nei kan nih chuan kan ram pawh phat rual lohvin ‘chawmhlawm' anihna chin a awm ta a ni.

3.5 Tehfung tam tak a awm thei ang a, zau zawka zir zui a tha hle ang. Mizoram sawrkarin kum tin sum leh pai a lak luh zingah hian ram hmasawnna atana sum hman aiin sawrkar hnathawk hlawh leh administrative expense a tam zawk ziah mai! Ram hmasawn nan a sum dah pawh a hmana tur dik chiahlo a luang ral tam tak a awm ziah bawk? Kum khat chhung a Mizoram a sum leh pai lut zingah Mizo kut ngeia tawp eng zah tak awm ang maw? Mizoram a sumdawnna leh sum leh pai thawhchhuahna kawng hrang hrang te hi Mizoten neitu nihna kan chan hi eng zah chiah nge ni anga hnam dang kutah engzat chiah nge awm ang? Hna leh eizawnna thuah Mizoten kan ram chhung ngeiah hnam dang tluk lohna kan nei thin tawh em? thin nita ila engtia in siamthat chi nge ni ang? Mizoram engtinge kan intodelh thei ang? Kan intodelhna daltu enge ni ang? Zawhna pawh a tam thei viau awm e!

IV.  MIZORAMAH INCHIMRALNA LAK A TANG A INVEN A NGAI EM?

4.1 Kan thuziak hmasa lamah khan ‘culture' leh ‘language' thuah chuan Mizoten inven kan tum meuhlo ni a a lan thu kan sawi tawh a, a lan dan-ah tak phei chuan hnampui tawng leh tihdan latu nih chu inchhuanna leh ‘changkanna' niah kan ngai fo zawk niawm tak a ni? Hnampui zia lak leh tawng thiam chu engemaw chenah a tulna awm mahse mahni hnam zia leh tawng thlauhthla khawp em a hnamdang tawng leh zia lak chu thil tha ber a nilo mai thei e? Hei vang hian mahni hnam zia leh tawng paih / hnawl kher lova hnampui zawkte tihdan lak leh tawng hman (cultural/linguistics pluralism) chu mithiamten an sawi vawng fo reng a ni. Engpawhnise ‘chiahpilna' lam hi vawiin a kan thupuiin a tum tak anih loh avangin kan sawi zui tawh lo mai ang.

4.2  A hmalama kan sawi tawh ang khan tun kan dinhmunah hian ‘immigration assimilation' leh ‘ethnic assimilation' te hi chu Mizote tan hlauh em em tur a la nilo thei mai em? tih leh in venna lam erawh uar deuh deuh a hun thu kan sawi tawh a. A bul lam a kan tarlan tawh angin hnam khat a hlawm a chenho, thawho leh inhungbing thatna leh that lohna hi kawng hrang hrangin sawi tur leh tan chhan tur mumal tak a awm tlat avangin mithiam te pawhin a dik leh tha ber sawi tur an hre bik lo a ni. Engpawhnise khawvel hmun hrang hrangah kan hriat angin hnam tenau te inchimralna a awm fo a ni tih kan hriat thin avangin hnam chimral nih chu thil duhawmlo leh Mizote chunga thleng miahlo tur a kan invenna tur pawh a ni ngei ang?

4.3 Miin a pianna ram leh pianpui hnam kalsana hnam dang zinga a chenna emaw hnathawhna chhan lian ber te chu sum leh pai - economic opportunities avang (Chiswick, 2006) leh inneih pawlhna - intermarriage avang a ni (Dribe, 2007) an ti. Mizoram-ah pawh hian inchimralna thlen thei tur chu sum leh pai avanga Mizoram a khawsa, cheng, hnathawk, sumdawng te leh inneihpawlhna avang a ni thei ngei ang. Invenna tur kan nei anih pawhin hemi kawngah hian a ni ngei ang. Hetia kan sawi mek lai erawh hi chuan chenna leh ram neih mumal loh avanga a hlawm a hnam tenau thenkhat sawrkar laipui lamin Mizoram chhunga a hungbing leh chenna a ruahmansak thuah pawh kan fimkhur a tul zia sawi theihnghilh chi a ni lovang?

4.4 Mizoramah hian nupui pasal neih avanga hnamdang awm zat emaw Mizote nupui pasal neih avanga ram pawna awm zat kan hre lo a, ngaihmawh tham emaw hnam anga inchimralna thlen thei khawp tur emaw chu an awm rihlo a ni mai thei. Inven lam erawh sawi a hunt ho ngei ang! Hnam dang nupui pasal a neih hi kan sawisel ngawt theilo mai thei e. Inchimralna thlen theitu lian tak leh ram chhung a ‘population imbalance' thlen theitu lian tak anih avang erawh chuan fimkhur taka thlir a ngai zawk a ni. France ramah chuan ram pawn atanga eizawnna avanga lut zingah French mi nupui pasal a nei chu nasa takin an hausa chak zawk niin an hmu a (Meng and Meurs, 2006). Phillipines National newspaper lar tak The Philippine Star December ni 1, 2009 a chhuak chuan kum kalta chhung khan Filipinos hnam dang pasal neih avanga ram chhuahsan mi 24000 lai an awm thu a tarlang a, hetiang hi kum engemaw zat chu a kal dan anih tawh thu leh tun dinhmunah pawh chawhrualin nitin mi 79 vel zet hnamdang pasal nei mai tur Commission on Filipinos Overseas a councelling la an awm thu a tarlang a ni. Phillipines-ah khian kum 2007 chhiarpui khan ramchhung a mi cheng zat 88,574,61 niin a tarlang a. Kum 15-64 inkar-ah sex ratio 1 to 1 niin a tarlang bawk. Khi tiang zel anih chuan nasa takin an ram chhungah hmeichhia an tlem chak mai dawn a ni. Ram chhungah mipa ten nupui neihtur an indaih dawn lo nasa mai tihna a nih chu! Chutih lai karah chuan an hmeichhia ten ram dang mi (pasal fanau) an rawn hawn lut zut zut mai thung dawn tihna a nih chu!  Buaithlak leh zel ta chu hnam dang pasal nei zinga za zela 30 deuh thaw chuan an kawppuite internet atanga an chhar a la ni leh ta zel a ni! Nakin zelah hetiang anga a kal chhoh zel chuan a ram leh hnam mi dik tak chu tlemte an la ni thuai thei mai dawn niin alang! Hetiang ‘case' tarlan tur hi ram/hnam dang tam tak an awm ngei ang. Mizoram hi hetiang dinhmuna ding ve mai thei kan ni ang em?

4.5 Sum leh pai avanga Mizoram lo lut emaw sumdawn nan a hmang te hi chi hrang hrang anni a. A hlauhawm deuh leh hlauhawm lo deuh pawh an awm ngei ang. Amaherawhchu thil ching deuh mai chu, dan theih leh an lak atanga inven theih a ni tih hi a ni awm e. Formal sector (government, company, NGOs etc) a hnathawhna avanga Mizoram a awm leh khawsa te hi chu hlauh tur leh enghelh tur an nilo kan ti mai thei. Amaherawhchu heng zingah hian sum leh pai awlsam tak a lakluh tum leh diklo tak a sum hui theih (rent seeking) avang a Mizoram a hnathawk emaw Mizoram sawrkar / pawl / sumdawng / mimal thawhpui an awm thei viau ang!? Mizoram sawrkar hi eiruk leh hlemhlet awm lohna nise, Mizoram mipuite pawh hian hnamdang sumdawng hming hawh tir mai mai chinglo ta ila hnamdang sumdawng, contractors, suppliers etc. te hi Mizoram atangin an tin dial mai ang em? Sum thianghlimlo luang vel beisei avang hian Mizoramah hnamdang (sumdawng, contractors, suppliers, dealers, middleman, dawithiam, zutdamthei, tawnglettu etc etc) an pung viau chauh a ni mai lo'ng maw? Zirchian leh inven a tul hle ngei ang!

4.6 Sawrkar inrelbawl dan leh inkaihhruaina te pawh thlir ila. Assimilation tiawlsamtu a ni nge avengtu tih ngun taka thlir a hun khawp mai! Land system mumal kan neih loh avangin mihausa ten duh duh zat an lei mai a. Mizorama mihausa chhungkhuaah chuan nausen chenin inhmun lo ram an nei vek a ni an tih chu! Chuti taka ram ngah chuan sum pe hnem thei thei hnenah hnam thliar hlek lovin a ram a hralh emaw a hawhtir mai dawn a ni! Chutih lai chuan Mizo dik tak chhungkawpaber ve meuh nisi mahni pual a ‘ka ram' tih tur ‘ar hmai tiat' lek pawh neilo kan awm fur ta mai thung a nih hi! Inhmun lo ram neilo chunga harsa taka mahni rama awm aiin khawpui lianah hna tam na lam kan la pan ruih ruih hun a thleng chho thei mai ang em? Sawrkar meuh pawhin ram tihtham a neilova, development project lian tham thawk tur pawhin ram leina leh compensation atan sum tam tak tak a sen a ngai ta ziah mai! Hei hi remchangah la in mihausa leh thiltithei te chuan compensation chan nan ram zau tak tak an lei khawl reih ruih mai bawk! Mizoramah land reforms ziktluak tak ruahman vat a tul ta a ni ngei ang?

4.7 Mizoten dan ang taka hnam dang leh ram dang mi laka invenhimna kan neih ILP/RAP te hi dik takin kan kalpui em? Hei aia chak zawk leh tha zawk a kalpui a ngai em?  Sawrkar laipuiin kan changkan chhoh tak zel avanga ILP hlip tur anga kan inngai hi a dik chiah em? Changkanna lam aiin dan ang taka hman anih theih loh avang emaw ruahman chhan tih hlawhtlin theih loh avang zawkin emaw awlsam taka hlih theih a ni zawk mai ang em? A ven tur dik zawk ven a pawimawh khawp ang. Sawrkar laipuiin a kalpui mek Unique Identification Card Project te hi tangkai thei ang bera hman theih a ni dawnin alang. Assimilation lak atanga invenna hmanrua atan pawh kan tangkaipui thei viau dawn a ni. Hei hi sawrkar tan mai bak-ah khawtlang inrelbawlna atan pawh nasa taka tangkaipui thei ngei turin tan lak nise a duhawm khawp ang.

V.   SAWIHO TUR LEH ZAU ZAWKA ZIR ZUI TUL THENKHAT TE:

5.1  Hnam khat chu ram khata a hlawma awm thatna lai kawng tam tak awm mahse inhungbing tlat mai thatlohna tam tak a awm bawk a. Mithiam te zirna-ah chuan hnam khat a hlawm a awm ngawt lovin hnam / ram dang mi lo pem lut in thiamna an rawn ken a, ram chhunga thiamna a pun avanga hlawkna pawh a pun theih chuan ‘welfare maximising immigration' a awm thei niin an ngai a ni (Durkin, 1998). Mizoram-ah hian inhungbinga a hlawm a awm tlat mai hi Mizote tan a tha ber kan ti dawn nge thiamna leh hnathawh lama pur kan chawk theihna tur ram pawn lam mi lo lut se kan thatpui zawk theih kan ring em? Welfare maximising immigration strategy a awm thei ang em?

5.2 Sociologist thenkhat zirna-ah chuan hnam / ram dang mi nghet taka ram danga an awm duh fo nachhan pawimawh tak chu khawtual mite tlukpui hlawh an hmuh theihna leh a ram neitute nunphung mila an khawsak awlsam theih danah nasa takin a innghat niin an hmu a (Duncan and Lieberson, 1959). Hemi chungchanga Norway ram an zirnaah chuan OECD region atanga Norway lut te chu an nghet awl bikin an hlawh pawhin a ram neitute a umpha (earning assimilation) hma bik niin an hmu a ni (Raaum and Longva, 2003). Mizoram a hnamdang mite hian thiam leh thawh inang-ah Mizote aiin hlawh an hmuhniam chuanglo niin alang a. Kan khawtlang nundan-ah pawh hnamdang te tana zawm theihloh tur emaw ngaihtheih loh tur chindan mak sak kan neilo viau mai bawk. Hei vang hian Mizoramah hnamdang an ngheh awl phah zual em? Ngheh awl phah nita sela inven a tulna chin a awm thei em? A tha zawnga hman theih a ni ang em?

5.3 A bul tanna lama kan tarlan tawh ang khan thlirna kawngkhat atanga chhut chuan inhungbing tlat mai leh a hlawm a awm reng mai (homogenous society) chu hmasawnna kawng hrang hrang ‘zuan kahlen' nihna lai awmin, hnam a chian tlatna man (enthic attachement cost) pawh tam tak a ni thei tih mithiam thenkhat ten an tarlang fo a ni. Hmasawnna leh inhungbingna hian inkalh chang a nei thei tihna a ni ang em? Chuti nise inhungbing duhna avang a hmasawnna tur dan chah (trade-off) a ngaih fo mai chuan ram hmasawnna a thuanthu thei mai ang em? Inhungbingna chhiat hlauh vanga hmasawnna dan chah reng theih a ni ang em? Barhluih economic development kan tih fo hi kan hma a tla kan tlansan theih loh a ni zawk mai ang em? Hmasawnna tithuanthu kher lova assimilation laka Mizote kan inven theih dan a awm ang em? Awm nita sela Mizoramin chumi kawng kan zawh theihnan sawrkar, khawtlang, kohhran, tlawmngai pawl hrang hrang leh mimal tin ten enge kan tih tur ni ang?

Thulakna: Zawlbuk - https://zawlbuk.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=18:tun-dinhmunah-mizote-tan-inchimralna-hi-a-hlauhawm-em&catid=10:zoram-kalsiam&Itemid=102